xxxviii.) p. 22; Plin. Only the upper reaches of the temple pylons were visible by 1798, when the temple was identified by a French expedition. 2; Ptol. As the Sixth Dynasty and the Old Kingdom drew to a close, local regional governors and administrative nobles took on a larger power in their areas, away from the royal central authority. The Temple of Edfu provides the model for Temple Works in Holbeck, Leeds. [2] Under the Roman emperors it was the headquarters of the Legio II Trajana. Although unassuming and unglamorous to the visiting tourists, Tell Edfu is a monument that contains evidence of more Egyptian history and is of more archaeological interest than the Ptolemaic temple. Edfu is the site of the Ptolemaic Temple of Horus and an ancient settlement, Tell Edfu. The income from your ticket contributes directly to The Royal Collection Trust, a registered charity. [8] A sophisticated lighting system was added in late 2006 to allow night visits. Her reign was the longest of all the female pharaohs. Apollonopolis Magna became a Christian bishopric, a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Ptolemais, the capital of the Roman province of Thebais Secunda. Ancient Egypt: Art and archaeology of the land of the pharaohs, 2004. p.23, Dieter Arnold, Nigel Strudwick & Sabine Gardiner, The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture, I.B. The god Horus was herein worshipped as Horus Behedet. Its inhabitants were enemies of the crocodile and its worshippers. Then, sit down for an included dinner this evening. One of these mastabas belonged to Isi, a local administrator, who, it was quoted was the "great chief of the Nome of Edfu" in the Sixth Dynasty. Deep in southern Egypt in the city of Edfu lies an ancient Egyptian temple, built by the Ptolemaic kings to appease Horus, the god of the sky and the protector of the Pharaoh. Although major parts of the settlement show severe signs of erosion, cut away or have been exposed during sebakh-digging, enough is preserved to gain information from as far back as the Predynastic Period. A hymn to the goddess Raet-Tawy as a form of Hathor at the temple of Medamud describes the Festival of Drunkenness as part of her mythic return to Egypt. The structure was built from rough reddish sandstone and rises to a present height of 5.5 m. The pyramid has been loosely attributed to King Huni of the Third Dynasty. The entire area was called Behedet. Edfu is the sight of a well-preserved temple dedicated to Horus. The temple was built in the Ptolemaic Kingdom between 237 and 57 BC. Temple of Seti I Abydos Monument. "[2] There are also "important scenes and inscriptions of the Sacred Drama which related the age-old conflict between Horus and Seth. Like so many of the Egyptian temples, that of Apollinopolis was capable of being employed as a fortress. Orient. Over the centuries, the temple became buried to a depth of 12 metres (39 ft) beneath drifting desert sand and layers of river silt deposited by the Nile. Its sculptures represent (Rosellini, Monum. The settlement at Edfu was the capital of the Second Upper Egypt nome, and played an important role within the region. Latter dates to the Second Intermediate Period (17th Dynasty). The top layers of the settlement containing the Byzantine, Roman and Ptolemaic remains and the Old and Middle Kingdom cemetery at the southern western corner were recorded by a Franco-Polish expedition in 1937–39. Isi lived during the reign of King Djedkare Isesi of the Fifth and into the reign of Pepi I of the Sixth Dynasties. It is one of few settlements in southern Egypt that thrived when it seems that the north, especially around the delta, was in economic decline. Most people are drawn to the town to visit the incredibly well preserved Temple of Edfu. Hist. Edfu Temple Sound & Light Show (Show starts with minimum 5 attendees) Interested to hear the famous tale of Horus and Set? His team identified the remains of a small sanctuary from the Late or Ptolemaic period, possibly the Osiris chapel built by Psamtek I. Henne was followed by Octave Guéraud in 1928 then by Maurice Alliot in 1931 who each explored and excavated different aspects of the settlement remains. Local inhabitants built homes directly over the former temple grounds. The larger temple is in good preservation, and is being excavated. Third, the people saw the temple as a miniature representation of the universe and the heavens. The Temple of Kom Ombo is unique in all of Egypt and is shared by the two gods Sobek and Haroeris. The current work focuses on the eastern part of the site. In 1860 Auguste Mariette, a French Egyptologist, began the work of freeing Edfu temple from the sands. s. v.; Ἀπολλωνιάς, Hierocl. "[5] The building was started during the reign of Ptolemy III Euergetes and completed in 57 BC under Ptolemy XII Auletes. The Temple of Edfu is nearly intact and a very good example of an ancient Egyptian temple. The map shows Egypt, a country situated mainly in the northeast corner of the African continent bordering the Mediterranean Sea in the north and the Gulf of Suez, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Red Sea in the east. The Temple of Edfu is an Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt.The city was known in the Hellenistic period in Koinē Greek: Ἀπόλλωνος πόλις and in Latin as Apollonopolis Magna, after the chief god Horus, who was identified as Apollo under the interpretatio graeca. Reliefs on the walls of the Temple of Edfu, A breastfeeding scene in the interior walls, Nilometer for measuring height of Nile River, Horus statue in the courtyard of the temple, Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}24°58′40″N 32°52′24″E / 24.97778°N 32.87333°E / 24.97778; 32.87333, Ancient Egyptian temple, located on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt, David, Rosalie. The city itself is modest, but can offer an insight into everyday Egyptian life. A naos of Nectanebo II, a relic from an earlier building, is preserved in the inner sanctuary, which stands alone while the temple's barque sanctuary is surrounded by nine chapels.[6]. According to Notitia Dignitatum, part of Legio II Traiana Fortis was camped in Apollo superior, which was the Roman name for the town. In 2005, access to the temple was revamped with the addition of a visitor center and paved carpark. Since 2001, the Tell Edfu project has been directed by Nadine Moeller (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago). This propylaeon leads into a large square, surrounded by a colonnade roofed with squared granite, and on the opposite side is a pronaos or portico, 53 feet (16 m) in height, and having a triple row of columns, six in each row, with variously and gracefully foliaged capitals. The purpose of these pyramids is unknown. Temple of Horus Edfu Temple. Its size reflects the relative prosperity of the time. 5. Three elaborate reports on the archaeology of Tell Edfu were published. Ⲁⲧⲃⲱ, Ⲧⲃⲟ (Sahidic); Ⲑⲃⲱ(Bohairic); also spelt Idfu, or in modern French as Edfou) is an Egyptian city, located on the west bank of the Nile River between Esna and Aswan, with a population of approximately sixty thousand people. Edfu (Ancient Egyptian: bḥdt, Arabic: إدفو ‎ pronounced , Coptic: Ⲧⲃⲱ vars. The temple of Edfu fell into disuse as a religious monument following Theodosius I's persecution of pagans and edict banning non-Christian worship within the Roman Empire in 391. § 70; Ἀπολλωνία, Steph. [10] It was the center of several festivals sacred to Horus. Each year, "Hathor travelled south from her temple at Denderah to visit Horus at Edfu, and this event marking their sacred marriage was the occasion of a great festival and pilgrimage."[11]. It stood about a third of a mile from the river. Afterward, board your ship and sail to Kom Ombo, where, in ancient times, sacred crocodiles basked in the sun on the river bank. Coordinates: 24°58′40″N 32°52′24″E / 24.97778°N 32.87333°E / 24.97778; 32.87333, Ⲧⲃⲱ vars. x. The expedition was organized in cooperation between the University of Warsaw and the Institut français d’archéologie orientale (IFAO) in Cairo,[1] and was directed by B. Bruyère, J. Manteuffel and Kazimierz Michałowski. p. 817; Agartharch. Discovering Ancient Egypt, Facts on File, 1993. p.99, Agnese, Giorgio and Maurizio Re. The temple is 145 feet (44 m) wide, and 424 feet (129 m) long from the entrance to the opposite end. Great Temple of Ramses II Abu Simbel Temple. The courtyard columns at Edfu are closely copied in the frontage of the Works. Byzant. "[3] They are translated by the German Edfu-Project. iv. The smaller temple, sometimes, but improperly, called a Typhonium, is apparently an appendage of the former, and its sculptures represent the birth and education of the youthful deity, Horus, whose parents Noum, or Kneph and Athor, were worshipped in the larger edifice. However, an interesting antique found here is the Ark of Horus. Day 14 – Edfu & Kom Ombo Visit the Edfu Temple … The inscriptions on its walls provide important information on language, myth and religion during the Hellenistic period in Egypt. The sculptures, although carefully and indeed beautifully executed, are of the Ptolemaic era, the earliest portion of the temple having been erected by Ptolemy VI Philometor in 181 BC. et Osir. del Culto, p. 240, tav. - Edfu temple is considered Egypt's only temple that survived history and kept its good condition, with memorable inscriptions and wonderful monuments. c. 143; Latin: Apollonos Superioris [urbs]). He was an administrator, judge, chief of the royal archives and a "Great One among the Tens of the South" [ref?]. The principal temple is dedicated to Noum, whose symbol is the disc of the sun, supported by two asps and the extended wings of a vulture. Ant. The Temple of Edfu is an Egyptian temple located on the west bank of the Nile in Edfu, Upper Egypt. [7] The Its archaeological significance and high state of preservation has made it a centre for tourism in Egypt and a frequent stop for the many riverboats that cruise the Nile. Built from sandstone blocks, the huge Ptolemaic temple was constructed over the site of a smaller New Kingdom temple, oriented east to west, facing towards the river. Sail to Esna, enjoying afternoon tea before visiting the Temple of Khnum. Edfu (Ancient Egyptian: bḥdt, Arabic: إدفو‎ pronounced [ˈʔedfu], Coptic: Ⲧⲃⲱ vars. About 5 km (3.1 mi) south of Edfu are remains of ancient pyramids. Before the beginning of the New Kingdom, the necropolis was transferred to Hager Edfu, to the west and then in the Late period to the south at Nag’ el-Hassaya. In the Hellenistic period and under the Roman Empire, the city was known as Apollonopolis Magna or Apollinopolis Magna (Greek: πόλις μεγάλη Ἀπόλλωνος, Strabo xvii. [9], The temple of Edfu is the largest temple dedicated to Horus and Hathor of Dendera. v. 9. s. 11; Plut. A central part of the site was explored by Henri Henne from the Institute for Egyptology in Lille in 1921 and 1922. the progress of the Sun, Phre-Hor-Hat, Lord of Heaven, moving in his bark (Bari) through the circle of the Hours. From the jambs of the door project two blocks of stone, which were intended, as Ddnon supposes, to support the heads of two colossal figures. Is. This settlement is known as Wetjeset-hor and the Greek name was Apollinopolis Magna (Ancient Greek: Apollinòpolis, Απολλινόπολις). The members of the triad are youthful gods, pointing their finger towards their mouths, and before the decipherment of the hieroglyphics were regarded as figures of Harpocrates. The aims of The Royal Collection Trust are the care and conservation of the Royal Collection, and the promotion of access and enjoyment through exhibitions, publications, loans and educational activities. This deity forms also at Apollinopolis a triad with the goddess Athor and Hor-Senet. ... For this reason, the inner sanctuary, the location of the god’s statue, was higher than the rest of the temple. Papyrus documents record the names of perhaps five of its bishops. Every part of the walls is covered with hieroglyphics, and the main court ascends gradually to the pronaos by broad steps. cit., p.78, "SPOTLIGHT INTERVIEW 2005 - Dr. Zahi Hawass", "Night visits to Temple of Horus allowed as of New Year", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Temple_of_Edfu&oldid=1005881416, Buildings and structures completed in the 3rd century BC, Former religious buildings and structures in Egypt, Religious buildings and structures destroyed by arson, Articles containing Koinē Greek-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 9 February 2021, at 22:15. In particular, the Temple's inscribed building texts "provide details [both] of its construction, and also preserve information about the mythical interpretation of this and all other temples as the Island of Creation. It is one of the best preserved shrines in Egypt. Tauris Publishers, 2003. p.78, Arnold, Strudwick & Gardiner, op. ... Tell Edfu. At Edfu, you'll see the Temple of Horus, Egypt's best preserved temple. Dinner & Overnight onboard. Today, the ancient mound of Tell Edfu is preserved in some areas up to 20 m high and contains complete archaeological sequences of occupation dating to the Old Kingdom until the Graeco-Roman period, more than 3000 years of history, therefore providing ideal conditions to study the development of a provincial town. 8 Temple of Edfu. Ⲁⲧⲃⲱ, Ⲧⲃⲟ (Sahidic); Ⲑⲃⲱ(Bohairic), Institut français d’archéologie orientale (IFAO), Köppen-Geiger climate classification system, List of ancient Egyptian towns and cities, "Climate: Idfu - Climate graph, Temperature graph, Climate table", http://oi.uchicago.edu/research/projects/edfu/, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Edfu&oldid=1010417302, Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the DGRG with no article parameter, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the DGRG, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Ancient Egyptian-language text, Articles containing Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 5 March 2021, at 10:21.
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