An internet shutdown is when a government intentionally restricts public internet access for a period of time in a bid to limit free speech and access to information, often during elections. It took Hosni Mubarak's government a few days to shut down Egypt's Internet. The Internet in Egypt is an important part of daily life, as a majority of the population has access to Internet, via smartphones, Internet cafes, or at home. Our work at Statista has been featured in publications including Mashable, the Wall Street Journal and Business Insider. But this would be very difficult if not impossible to "shut down" the Internet. The United Nations considers cutting off users from Internet access, regardless of the justification provided, including on the grounds of violating intellectual … In Bangladesh, Rohingya refugee camps were cut off from high-speed internet for 415 days. Jordan experienced three national shutdowns in 2020. “Shutdowns are used to suppress voices of dissent,” said youth activist Kanwal Singh, 30. In this video I will explain how to can secretly and remotely shut down, or restart computer on your wifi internet network using command prompt. In fact, I love to write about all trending topics. Internet shutdown is not a recent trend in Africa though. This is also true to some extent in India where internet access is cut off due to political turmoil, protests or military operations. It shut down the internet 134 times. Internet shutdowns have also occurred in Venezuela, Ecuador and Cuba. Last year, India’s Supreme Court ordered a review into Kashmir’s internet shutdowns, stating that they were unconstitutional and violated India’s telecoms rules. I can never imagine a law being passed where Internet traffic or voice communication was completely shut down within our country. The authorities recently restored 4G services in Indian-administered Kashmir after 18 months. Internet and telecommunication services have been shut down across several African countries including Burundi, Chad, Ethiopia, Guinea, Kenya, Mali, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo and Uganda. In 2020 some of the countries that shut down the Internet include Ethiopia, Bangladesh, India, and Myanmar. The first notable incident of internet disruption in Africa occurred in Zambia in 1996. In order to curb dissent and freedom of expression, some governments take the drastic step of switching the internet's "off switch." In 2011, during the Egyptian Revolution, the Egyptian government ordered the four national internet service providers to turn off the Domain Name System (DNS) and alter the Border Gateway Protocol of their servers. Seven countries including India, Guinea, Belarus, Burundi, Kyrgyzstan, Tanzania and Togo shut down the internet during an election period in 2020. large public protests decrying curbs to civil liberties, EU set to sanction Myanmar military officials for coup, Biden condemns Atlanta shootings as anti-Asian hate crime, Four Proud Boys leaders charged in relation to Capitol riot, Qatar’s landmark minimum wage comes into force, ‘Unacceptable’: Erdogan slams Biden over ‘killer’ Putin comment, Biden stumbles climbing ‘windy’ steps to Air Force One, Seizing the moment to revive an historically Black college, Pakistan army chief says ‘it is time to bury the past’ with India, Al Jazeera Centre for Public Liberties & Human Rights. Date: 28 January 2011 Time: 02:12 PM ET. Myanmar has imposed the longest shutdown recorded to date, which continued from 2019 through 2020 and up to early February this year in Rakhine and Chin states. This prevented any internet … Millions of people around the world have had to … Internet shutdowns or blackouts can fall in two broad categories: Total shutdown – This means the internet … By definition, an internet shutdown or disruption occurs when someone, usually the government, disrupts the internet or applications. Data journalist covering technological, societal and media topics, China’s Long March To Technological Preeminence Threatens U.S. Security, Two Rules President Biden Needs To Make His Ambitious Environmental Agenda Successful, The Biden-Harris Team Needs Benefit-Cost Analysis, Civil Service Reform Is Needed But Trump’s Lame Duck Initiative Is Not The Answer (And Could Make Things Worse), Midnight In The Garden Of Rules And Regulations, Argentina Is Freezing The Economy Again. That's a huge distance ahead of second-placed Pakistan's 19 shutdown's and 8 in both Iraq and Syria. From January 2020 till February of this year, the internet in Indian-administered Kashmir was throttled to 2G, making life very difficult for many students in the state who had been moved to remote learning as a result of COVID-19. The Ministry of Education also blocked communication applications such as Telegram, WhatsApp and Facebook during national exams. For example, Darjeeling in West Bengal suffered a 45-day internet shutdown due to political demonstrations and protests from activists seeking a separate state while Nawada in Bihar had a 40-day shutdown as a result of communal clashes. Yet over the course of 2020, 29 countries intentionally shut down or slowed their internet communications at least 155 times, according to a new report published by Access Now, a non-profit digital rights group. Driven largely by political and national security concerns, state-ordered Internet shutdowns have become the “new normal” in many countries. In January 2020, 80 percent of internet capacity was cut in Yemen following reports of sabotage to fibre optic cables by Houthi rebels. But the internet isn’t entirely invulnerable, either. Posted by RICK MILLER. “It became the main source of information for so many people and the trend continues right now.”. While it’s generally brought on by a government, there can be other forces behind it as well. How Do You Shut Down the Internet in a Whole Country? An increased number of internet shutdowns have been deployed in areas of conflict. Any way you look at it, when the internet is down your life is effectively on hold until it’s back up again. In Kenya, there were at least two reported internet disruptions in 2020 after two telecommunications towers were destroyed in Mandera County by the Somali armed group, al-Shabab. The government restricted Facebook Live during a teachers’ union protest in July and August 2020. The actual reasons for shutdowns have stemmed from political instability, elections, protests, communal violence, information control and exam cheating. This includes the amount of data as well as the number of companies (ISPs) involved. “We weren’t able to attend our online classes regularly,” said Bazillah Ayoub, 24, a student at the Model Institute of Engineering and Technology in Jammu. Before 2006, most places in Belarus did not have access to broadband internet of any kind. It’s a year since Chad blocked access to the most popular social media sites. For countries like Indonesia, the most populous nation in the region, only 56%, with only 150 million of its 268 million population have access to the Internet. Comments. These countries have several things in common: they are all democracies, so it would be harder for their heads of state to get Mubarak-levels of authority to shut down the entire internet. This is our right and everyone’s right because this is guaranteed by the Indian constitution.”. During the August 2020 Belarusian election, the government blocked social media channels including WhatsApp, Telegram, Viber and Twitter as well as VPNs and Tor browsers. They generally occur when someone (usually a … Governments have justified internet shutdowns citing fake news, precautionary measures, public safety and national security among other reasons. Natalie Wolchover, Life’s Little Mysteries Staff Writer. All over the world, intentional internet shutdowns and deliberate slowdowns are becoming increasingly common. An Internet shutdown is exactly how it sounds – it’s when the internet is disrupted. In these video. © 2021 Forbes Media LLC. Internet disruptions have become a mainstay in Africa, with five countries—namely Gabon, Sudan, Zimbabwe, Chad, and DR Congo—already blocking connectivity just three months into 2019.. *Click below to enlarge (charted by Statista). Broadband Internet access via VDSL is widespread. According to a report by The Indian Council for Research on International Economic Relations (ICRIER), 16,315 hours of intentional internet downtime between 2012 and 2017 cost the Indian economy a whopping $3.04 billion. In the United Kingdom, the Communications Act 2003 and the Civil Contingencies Act 2004 allow the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport to suspend Internet services, either by ordering Internet service providers to shut down operations or by closing Internet exchange points. It is a little known fact that in many countries across the globe, governments are in possession of an Internet Kill Switch. Authorities in India shut down the internet 109 times over the course of 2020, mostly in Indian-administered Kashmir, which accounted for almost 90 percent of all internet shutdowns in India last year. Due to that, we all have backlogs in our subjects because we have not submitted our assignments on time,” Ayoub told Al Jazeera. Sudan had limited access during anti-government protests, as did the authorities in Zimbabwe. In addition to India, the governments of Myanmar, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Kyrgyzstan and Vietnam also blocked access to the internet in 2020. In many countries, internet shutdowns are preemptive or reactive measures to mass or potential public unrest, with Turkey's 2016 failed military coup an obvious recent example. we look at African countries that have at one time had their access to the internet disrupted for different reasons. You may opt-out by. In fact, I love to write about all trending topics, illustrating patterns and trends in a quick, clear and meaningful way. It is believed that there are many countries having an Internet kill switch which can shut down the entire internet in a country. In India, the sheer volume of shutdowns, coupled with their length, are getting expensive - very expensive. In 2006, 2007 and 2008, Belarus was listed as an “Internet enemy” by Reporters Without Borders (RWB). Follow Us. That’s what’s becoming increasingly common in some African countries, where governments have periodically shut down the internet or blocked social media platforms. Other Middle Eastern countries that shut down the internet include Turkey, Syria, Iraq, Iran, Egypt and Algeria. Related: Two articles on the countries most vulnerable to an Internet shutdown, based on their connectivity architecture. These shutdowns are typically national but in some cases are limited to just certain regions, as in the recent months-long shutdown in Anglophone Cameroon. The Internet in the US is huge and much bigger than many other countries. Out of all countries worldwide, India shuts down its internet most frequently. The Rohingya Students Network said people in camps were unable to access vital health information during COVID-19 because of internet throttling. During last year’s war between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the contested Nagorno-Karabakh region, Azerbaijan shut down social media and communication to citizens for six weeks. Tags: control, denial of service, DNS, Internet, ISPs. Shutdowns generally take place during general election or public protests. Venezuela has been suffering intermittent Internet shutdowns for years. According to Access Now data reported by Vice News, India experienced 154 shutdowns between January 2016 and May 2018. Belarusian journalist Hanna Liubakova, who has been covering the protests in Belarus, told Al Jazeera, “It was very difficult to verify information and do fact-checking because we received a lot of user-generated content.”, “Telegram channels became really important for citizens because that was the only platform that kind of worked a little bit at least,” said Liubakova. “We had a lot of issues – we were asked to submit our assignments which were sometimes 15MB or above that, which got uploaded after one or two hours. What would you do if your government decided to intentionally shut down your access to the Internet? Opinions expressed by Forbes Contributors are their own. “We have been a conflict state for the last 70 years.”. “Any government or authority is not doing charity by restoring the 4G services,” said Singh. REPRINT TODAY IN VIEW OF THIS…TOO (ASS WELL FOR BRITS): According to David Clark, an MIT computer scientist whose research focuses on Internet architecture and development, a … Now, Twitter, Facebook, Periscope, and other social media services are regularly blacked out across the nation anytime the opposition to the regime makes an a… The actual reasons for shutdowns have stemmed from political instability, elections, protests, communal violence, information control and exam cheating. These shutdowns exacerbated the situation, making access to information and communication – both by Yemenis and by international organisations attempting to work in the country – very difficult. Despite this, protesters took to the streets to contest Alexander Lukashenko’s presidential victory. As a result, the government imposed a full internet shutdown from the night of August 9 to August 12, 2020. Starting in 2014, the regime began blocking specific news sites, social media, and blogs that were critical of President Nicolas Maduro. They generally occur when someone (usually a government) intentionally disrupts the internet or mobile apps to control what people do or say. Some of the countries that also experienced internet shutdowns are Zimbabwe, Sudan, Chad, Ethiopia, Cameroon, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Share. Internet shutdowns in Indian-administered Kashmir are a regular occurrence, with authorities citing precautionary measures as the main justification. And why do governments shutdown the internet in Africa. Since then, state censorship of the Internet has only increased. People in Indian-administered Kashmir experienced one of the longest internet shutdowns in the world with a complete blackout from August 2019 to January 2020, after which the throttled speed of 2G was allowed. Today, Minsk, the capital of Belarus, is the most connected place in the country with internet access in rural areas being limited. This gives them the power to shut down the internet should … All Rights Reserved, This is a BETA experience. However, this is not acceptable for anyone to have an Internet Kill Switch in the hand of government. I am a Statista data journalist, covering technological, societal and media topics through visual representation. In 2020, India topped list of 29 countries that blocked access to the internet despite increased demand during COVID-19. The government said it had been done to prevent Armenian provocation. We have seen such cases in countries like Pakistan, Iraq, North Korea, Republic of Congo, China, and Egypt etc. Africa became the first continent to experience an internet shutdown, in Egypt in 2011. Still even if all the backbone providers cooperated by stopping Internet traffic to enemy countries by their ISP number, it would take some time (at least 48 to 72 hours) for the traffic to completely stop in both directions. “When the government restored 4G services everyone started celebrating, but the point is this is not charity. Here are all the recent occasions where someone has taken an entire country offline (or a major section of one), and why it happened. The Country Needs Innovation, Lower Taxes, And Deregulation. Over the past year, billions of people all over the world have relied heavily on internet connectivity to keep in touch with family and friends, learn online, work from home and get vital information about the coronavirus pandemic. India is even known to carry out shutdowns in certain regions to prevent cheating during examinations. As mass protests continue in the country, internet services remain precarious, despite full internet access being restored by authorities in Rakhine and Chin after a military coup last month. The country with the most internet shutdowns in the Middle East in 2020 has been Yemen, a country mired in armed conflict and humanitarian crisis. But countries with a more diversified Internet infrastructure are harder to cut off. I am a Statista data journalist, covering technological, societal and media topics through visual representation. In 2020, the Cuban government blocked access to Telegram, WhatsApp, Twitter, and other social media platforms for three days following rare large public protests decrying curbs to civil liberties. Internet service in all of Armenia was cut off for several hours when a 75-year old Georgian woman inadvertently cut the main service line between the two countries… However, Internet censorship and surveillance was severe under the rule of Hosni Mubarak, culminating in a total shutdown of the Internet in Egypt during the 2011 Revolution. Restrictions to Internet access are on the rise globally,with frequent news of government-mandated disruptions of Internet access. Given the importance of the internet, moves to block it or limit access can prove costly. … In Ethiopia, 100 million people were plunged into a complete media blackout for two weeks following protests after the killing of Oromo musician, Haacaaluu Hundeessaa. Unfortunately, such dial-up numbers can also be fairly easily shut down by the Egyptian government, so you could also try returning to FidoNet--a distributed networking system … Posted on December 11, 2012 at 6:08 AM • 28 Comments. Governments justify Internet shutdowns for a variety of reasons, such as stopping people from sharing information or organizing protests, even when the demonstrations are peaceful. The government could phone up all of these ISPs and potentially demand them to null route traffic or otherwise somehow cease traffic for their customers. "To shut down a country's access to internet, it takes a lot of preparations. The government of Belarus uses second and third generation controls to manage Belarus’ national information space. All over the world, intentional internet shutdowns and deliberate slowdowns are becoming increasingly common. “We are extremely concerned how government authorities are using internet shutdowns as a systemised tool to repress democratic expression, even in the middle of a global pandemic,” Raman Jit Singh Chima, senior international counsel and Asia Pacific policy director at Access Now said. Jan 20.
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