[49] International aid, most often in the form of loans, enriched Mobutu while he allowed national infrastructure such as roads to deteriorate to as little as one-quarter of what had existed in 1960. Facebook gives people … Close Menu; Overview; Squad. On 17 January 1961, he was handed over to Katangan authorities and executed by Belgian-led Katangese troops. Additionally, the country's large mine operations attract migrant workers from Africa and beyond. A new election took place in October 2006, which Kabila won, and in December 2006 he was sworn in as President. In Demokratische Republik Kongo gesprochene Sprachen und Dialekte. Instances of child labor and forced labor have been observed and reported in the U.S. Department of Labor's Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor in the DRC in 2013[116] and six goods produced by the country's mining industry appear on the department's December 2014 List of Goods Produced by Child Labor or Forced Labor. The Belgian Congo achieved independence on 30 June 1960 under the name "République du Congo" ("Republic of Congo" or "Republic of the Congo" in English). The executive branch was vested in a 60-member cabinet, headed by a President and four vice presidents. In some areas the population declined dramatically – it has been estimated that sleeping sickness and smallpox killed nearly half the population in the areas surrounding the lower Congo River.[29]. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press, 1994. The protests began after the passage of a law by the Congolese lower house that, if also passed by the Congolese upper house, would keep Kabila in power at least until a national census was conducted (a process which would likely take several years and therefore keep him in power past the planned 2016 elections, which he is constitutionally barred from participating in). In February 2018, global asset management firm AllianceBernstein[156] defined the DRC as economically "the Saudi Arabia of the electric vehicle age," due to its cobalt resources, as essential to the lithium-ion batteries that drive electric vehicles.[157]. [clarification needed][196] Children accused of witchcraft are sent away from homes and family, often to live on the street, which can lead to physical violence against these children. Definition of Demokratische Republik Kongo in the Definitions.net dictionary. [111] In July 2009, a Swiss court determined that the statute of limitations had run out on an international asset recovery case of about $6.7 million of deposits of Mobutu's in a Swiss bank, and therefore the assets should be returned to Mobutu's family. The Force Publique gained a notable victory when it marched into Tabora in September 1916 under the command of General Charles Tombeur after heavy fighting. According to the World Wildlife Fund, these unique habitats and species make the DRC one of the most valuable yet vulnerable areas in the world for biodiversity, wildlife protection and rainforest sustainability.[214]. The new constitution also granted new powers to the provincial governments, creating provincial parliaments which have oversight of the Governor and the head of the provincial government, whom they elect. [84][85][86] In August 2019, six months after the inauguration of Félix Tshisekedi, a coalition government was announced. [citation needed] The Belgian authorities permitted no political activity in the Congo whatsoever,[32] and the Force Publique, a locally-recruited army under Belgian command, put down any attempts at rebellion. Squad of Demokratische Republik Kongo U23 . [20] The river was known as Zaire during the 16th and 17th centuries; Congo seems to have replaced Zaire gradually in English usage during the 18th century, and Congo is the preferred English name in 19th-century literature, although references to Zaire as the name used by the natives (i.e. [citation needed] A constitutional referendum the year before Mobutu's coup of 1965 resulted in the country's official name being changed to the "Democratic Republic of the Congo. Although relative peace and stability were achieved, Mobutu's government was guilty of severe human rights violations, political repression, a cult of personality and corruption. The Democratic Republic of the Congo has fewer all-weather paved highways than any country of its population and size in Africa — a total of 2,250 km (1,400 mi), of which only 1,226 km (762 mi) is in good condition (see below). There is also considerable migration for commercial activities from other African countries and the rest of the world, but these movements are not well studied. The 30% who live in urban areas have been the most open to Western influences. The generation and distribution of electricity are controlled by Société nationale d'électricité (SNEL), but only 15% of the country has access to electricity. [3], At the time of independence, the country was named the Republic of Congo-Léopoldville to distinguish it from its neighbour the Republic of the Congo-Brazzaville. [136], The Democratic Republic of Congo is widely considered one of the world's richest countries in natural resources; its untapped deposits of raw minerals are estimated to be worth in excess of US$24 trillion. He named it the Congo Free State. [175], In May 2019, the death toll from the Ebola outbreak in DRC surpassed 1,000. The river flows generally west from Kisangani just below Boyoma Falls, then gradually bends southwest, passing by Mbandaka, joining with the Ubangi River, and running into the Pool Malebo (Stanley Pool). In 2018, the United Nations estimated the country's population to be 84 million people,[181][182] a rapid increase from 39.1 million in 1992 despite the ongoing war. Much concern has been raised about great ape extinction. This trend was reversed after independence, when French became the sole language of education at all levels. The Belgian population of the colony increased from 1,928 in 1910 to nearly 89,000 in 1959. He would go to the bank with Mobutu's authority and take out ten. In 2012 plans were announced to build a national Baháʼí House of Worship in the country. Their propagation was accelerated by the adoption of pastoralism and of Iron Age techniques. [189] The proportion of followers of Islam is variously estimated from 1%[190] to 12% [191], There are about 35 million Catholics in the country[3] with six archdioceses and 41 dioceses. As an anonymous user, you can only add new data. During the Free State, his colonial military unit, the Force Publique, forced the local population to produce rubber. With financial support from the United States and Belgium, Mobutu paid his soldiers privately. The war intensified the impact of such basic problems as an uncertain legal framework, corruption, inflation, and lack of openness in government economic policy and financial operations. Suggest as a translation of "Demokratische Republik Kongo" Copy; DeepL Translator Linguee. A country in Central Africa whose capital is Kinshasa. [132] The women included in the report were abused in several locations across the country including the capital Kinshasa and other areas away from the conflict zones. "M23 fighters patrolled the streets of Congo's main cities, firing on or arresting protesters or anyone else deemed to be a threat to the president," they said. Four hundred thousand people were evacuated from the city during the eruption. The United Nations mission in the DRC is its largest and most expensive peacekeeping effort, but it shut down five UN bases near Masisi in 2017, after the US led a push to cut costs. [186], Christianity is the majority religion in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Demokratische Republik Kongo in English translation and definition "Demokratische Republik Kongo", German-English Dictionary online. Belgian Congolese forces under the command of Belgian officers notably fought against the Italian colonial army in Ethiopia in Asosa, Bortaï[33] and Saïo under Major-General Auguste-Eduard Gilliaert during the second East African Campaign. Join Facebook to connect with Demokratische Republik Kongo and others you may know. Authors; Authors and affiliations; Denis Tull; Chapter. Portuguese is taught in the Congolese schools as a foreign language. [96] The forest elephant is particularly at risk due to the high cost of its ivory, especially in the Far East, due to this its population has reduced by 62% in 2002–2011[97] The main way this poaching for ivory can be reduced is through the hampering of the international demand for ivory, as this drives the trade. [3] The provinces are subdivided into 145 territories and 32 cities. "DR Congo: UN peacekeepers killed in attack in North Kivu". However, the smaller-scale economic activity from artisanal mining occurs in the informal sector and is not reflected in GDP data. Blog Press Information. The Democratic Republic of Congo must immediately take action to meet its commitments in areas of human rights violations. On 18 October 1908, the Belgian parliament voted in favour of annexing the Congo as a Belgian colony. [102], The global growth in demand for scarce raw materials and the industrial surges in China, India, Russia, Brazil and other developing countries require that developed countries employ new, integrated and responsive strategies for identifying and ensuring, on a continual basis, an adequate supply of strategic and critical materials required for their security needs. [13] Two million children risk starvation, and the fighting has displaced 4.5 million people. [82] However, there were widespread suspicions that the results were rigged and that a deal had been made between Tshisekedi and Kabila. Not only is the northeastern section of the country much more mountainous, but due to the rift's tectonic activity, this area also experiences volcanic activity, occasionally with loss of life. [221] One of the goals of the SDG 15 is to reduce deforestation and encourage reforestation by 2020. There are already about 836 solar power systems in the DRC, with a total power of 83 kW, located in Équateur (167), Katanga (159), Nord-Kivu (170), the two Kasaï provinces (170), and Bas-Congo (170). With more than 25 million members, it constitutes one of the largest Protestant bodies in the world. [195], Traditional religions embody such concepts as monotheism, animism, vitalism, spirit and ancestor worship, witchcraft, and sorcery and vary widely among ethnic groups. In 1926 the colonial capital moved from Boma to Léopoldville, some 300 kilometres (190 mi) further upstream into the interior. Explore {{searchView.params.phrase}} by color family {{familyColorButtonText(colorFamily.name)}} Coat of arms of the Democratic Republic of the Congo - Mobutu, Sese Seko *14.10..1997+Politiker, Demokratische Republik Kongo Staatspraesident 1965 … In July 2019, UN ambassadors of 37 countries, including DRC, have signed a joint letter to the UNHRC defending China's treatment of Uyghurs and other Muslim ethnic minorities.[106]. Belgian exploration and administration took place from the 1870s until the 1920s. Several Congolese players and players of Congolese descent—including strikers Romelu Lukaku, Yannick Bolasie, and Dieumerci Mbokani—have gained prominence in world football. Democratic Republic of the Congo { proper, noun } large central African nation, formerly called Zaire. The DRC is the second-largest diamond-producing nation in the world,[144] and artisanal and small-scale miners account for most of its production. Only two planes left the local airport because of the possibility of the explosion of stored petrol. [130], In June 2010, Oxfam reported a dramatic increase in the number of rapes in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and researchers from Harvard discovered that rapes committed by civilians had increased seventeenfold. Immigration is very diverse in nature; refugees and asylum-seekers – products of the numerous and violent conflicts in the Great Lakes Region – constitute an important subset of the population. The International Criminal Court prosecutor opened the case in June 2004. [citation needed], The Albertine Rift plays a key role in shaping the Congo's geography. The civil war and resulting in poor economic conditions have endangered much of this biodiversity. For other uses, see, Location of Democratic Republic of the Congo (dark green), Independence and political crisis (1960–1965), Continental and civil wars (1996–present), Kabila's term in office and multiple anti-government protests, Largest cities or towns in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Nelson, Samuel Henry. ", "World Bank Pledges $1 Billion to Democratic Republic of Congo", "OHADA.com: The business law portal in Africa", "Congo with $24 Trillion in Mineral Wealth BUT still Poor", "Mining Companies Could See Big Profits in Congo", "The Dark Side of Globalization. [34], In May 1960, a growing nationalist movement, the Mouvement National Congolais (MNC) led by Patrice Lumumba, won the parliamentary elections. [76] Due to disruption of planting and harvesting caused by the conflict, the UN estimated in March 2018 that two million children risk starvation. He says people believe the situation in the DRC is "stably bad" but in fact, it has become much, much worse. In 1997 Mobutu fled and Kabila marched into Kinshasa, named himself president, and reverted the name of the country to the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Doch viele Jahrzehnte ausbeuterischer Kolonialherrschaft und anschließender Diktatur sowie darauf folgende Kriege haben das Land bitterarm gemacht. Foreign businesses have curtailed operations due to uncertainty about the outcome of the conflict, lack of infrastructure, and the difficult operating environment. In April 2013, anti-corruption NGOs revealed that Congolese tax authorities had failed to account for $88 million from the mining sector, despite booming production and positive industrial performance. Lingala was the official language of the colonial army, the "Force Publique", under Belgian colonial rule, and remains to this day the predominant language in the armed forces. Unter der Erde schlummern unendlich scheinende Bodenschätze. [155] Later in 2013, the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative suspended the country's candidacy for membership due to insufficient reporting, monitoring and independent audits, but in July 2013 the country improved its accounting and transparency practices to the point where the EITI gave the country full membership. Yamusangie in an interview[210] said he felt the distance in literature and wanted to remedy that he wrote the novel, Full Circle, which is a story of a boy named Emanuel who in the beginning of the book feels a difference in culture among the different groups in the Congo and elsewhere. Fixtures; Rumours; Achievements; Information & facts; Stadium; History. Salonga National Park (1984) and The name for the Congo state is derived in part from the river. UN peacekeepers, MONUC, now known as MONUSCO, arrived in April 2001. The country lies between latitudes 6°N and 14°S, and longitudes 12°E and 32°E. [67] There have been frequent reports of weapon bearers killing civilians, of the destruction of property, of widespread sexual violence,[68] causing hundreds of thousands of people to flee their homes, and of other breaches of humanitarian and human rights law. Although some people speak these regional, or trade languages as first languages, most of the population speak them as a second language after their own ethnic language. For some who cannot afford farmed produce it is a free meal. However, conversely conflict reduced deforestation for large scale mining due to security instability. Corruption became so common the term "le mal Zairois" or "Zairian Sickness",[48] meaning gross corruption, theft and mismanagement, was coined, reportedly by Mobutu himself. [citation needed], The economy of DRC relies heavily on mining. Congo achieved independence from Belgium on 30 June 1960 under the name Republic of the Congo. [217] Five of these parks and reserves are UNESCO world heritage sites, including Africa’s first national park Virunga national park. Other parties that emerged included the Parti Solidaire Africain (PSA) led by Antoine Gizenga, and the Parti National du Peuple (PNP) led by Albert Delvaux and Laurent Mbariko.[35]. The country possesses 80% of the world's cobalt reserves. [93] It is the only country in the world in which bonobos are found in the wild. [citation needed], The Rift valley has exposed an enormous amount of mineral wealth throughout the south and east of the Congo, making it accessible to mining. The rise of female authors began in the 1970s introducing diversity to Congolese literature and support for gender empowerment. Centred on the Congo Basin, the territory of the DRC was first inhabited by Central African foragers around 90,000 years ago and was reached by the Bantu expansion about 3,000 years ago. [54] In 2012 Bosco Ntaganda, the leader of the CNDP, and troops loyal to him, mutinied and formed the rebel military March 23 Movement, claiming the government violated the treaty. [137][138][139] The Congo has 70% of the world's coltan, a third of its cobalt, more than 30% of its diamond reserves, and a tenth of its copper.[140][141]. ZIF kompakt. This page was last edited on 20 March 2021, at 00:01. The new constitution also saw the disappearance of the Supreme Court, which was divided into three new institutions. [122][123], Female genital mutilation (FGM) is also practiced in DRC, although not on a large scale. Ertürk added that "Armed groups attack local communities, loot, rape, kidnap women and children, and make them work as sexual slaves". Kabila later requested that foreign military forces return to their own countries. [citation needed]. [71] UN investigations confirmed that aggressor in the December attack. The eastern regions of the precolonial Congo were heavily disrupted by constant slave raiding, mainly from Arab–Swahili slave traders such as the infamous Tippu Tip, who was well known to Stanley. Since 2015, the Eastern DR Congo has been the scene of an ongoing military conflict in Kivu. The 2006 constitution, also known as the Constitution of the Third Republic, came into effect in February 2006. Die Demokratische Republik Kongo (deutsch [ˈkʰɔŋgo], französisch [kɔ̃ˈgo], abgekürzt DR Kongo), von 1971 bis 1997 Zaire (frz. Across the country, dozens of protesters were killed and hundreds were arrested. Der neue Präsident Tshisekedi, der nur durch die Manipulation der Wahlergebnisse an die Macht kam, versucht sich von Kabila zu … [232], "DRC" redirects here. Despite such vast mineral wealth, the economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo has declined drastically since the mid-1980s. Several short-lived governments, of Joseph Ileo, Cyrille Adoula and Moise Kapenda Tshombe, took over in quick succession. "UN probe blames ADF rebels in Congo for peacekeeper attacks. Choose year : Compact. 2011)", "The geopolitics of renewable energy: Debunking four emerging myths", "GIs retrain Congo troops known for being violent", "An April 2009 report to Congress by the National Defense Stockpile Center", "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies? Rail transportation is provided by the Congo Railroad Company (Société Nationale des Chemins de Fer du Congo) and the Office National des Transports (Congo) (ONATRA) and the Office of the Uele Railways (Office des Chemins de fer des Ueles, CFU). Child soldiers have been used on a large scale in DRC, and in 2011 it was estimated that 30,000 children were still operating with armed groups.[115]. What does Demokratische Republik Kongo mean? The first members of the Baháʼí Faith to live in the country came from Uganda in 1953. "[18] The modern name of the Kongo people, Bakongo was introduced in the early 20th century. It is, by area, the largest country in sub-Saharan Africa, the second-largest in all of Africa (after Algeria), and the 11th-largest in the world. Six months after the 2002 eruption, nearby Mount Nyamuragira also erupted. Leopold formally acquired rights to the Congo territory at the Berlin Conference in 1885 and declared the land his private property, naming it the Congo Free State. [72], According to the Human Rights Watch and the New York University-based Congo Research Group, armed troops in DRC's eastern Kivu region have killed over 1,900 civilians and kidnapped at least 3,300 people since June 2017 to June 2019.[73]. Translation for 'Demokratische Republik Kongo' in the free German-English dictionary and many other English translations. The terrain and climate of the Congo Basin present serious barriers to road and rail construction, and the distances are enormous across this vast country. The agreements signed at the end of the Second Congo War called for a new "national, restructured and integrated" army that would be made up of Kabila's government forces (the FAC), the RCD, and the MLC. He periodically held elections in which he was the only candidate. It also provided for the creation of a Conseil Superieur de la Defense (Superior Defence Council) which would declare states of siege or war and give advice on security sector reform, disarmament/demobilisation, and national defence policy. Squad size: Four years later the first local administrative council was elected. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. Then the river narrows and falls through a number of cataracts in deep canyons, collectively known as the Livingstone Falls, and runs past Boma into the Atlantic Ocean. Colonialism In The Congo Basin, 1880–1940. A transitional government was set up until after the election. In 1971, he renamed the country Zaire. Die Demokratische Republik Kongo besitzt die größte Regenwaldfläche Afrikas. Besides the conflict in North Kivu, violence has gone up in the Kasai region. [215] Some attempts to combat species loss in countries such as the DRC are actions such as the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), specifically SDG 15 Life on Land, the primary goals of which is to increase reforestation and biodiversity and reduce species loss, desertification, and illegal poaching. The figure of 2,250 km (1,400 mi) converts to 35 km (22 mi) of paved road per 1,000,000 of population. info) French: République démocratique du Congo (RDC) [kɔ̃ɡo]), also known as Congo-Kinshasa, DR Congo (French: RD Congo), the DROC,[7] or simply either Congo or the Congo, and historically Zaire, is a country in Central Africa. [91], The rainforests of the Democratic Republic of the Congo contain great biodiversity, including many rare and endemic species, such as the common chimpanzee and the bonobo, the African forest elephant, the mountain gorilla, the okapi and the white rhino. to be again backed by Rwanda as a way to tackle the Hutu group, Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR). Chronic economic mismanagement, political corruption and internal conflicts have led to long-term under-investment of infrastructure. Und doch sind die Menschen bitter arm - zudem blockieren Kriege und Habgier das große Entwicklungspotenzial des Landes. [70] On 8 December 2017, fourteen UN soldiers and five Congolese regular soldiers were killed in a rebel attack at Semuliki in Beni territory. [218] Poor governance and low economic conditions have reduced the effectiveness of these protections, especially during war times. They came to be known as the fourth generation of Congolese music and mostly come from the former well-known band Wenge Musica [fr]. Bantu peoples reached Central Africa at some point during the first millennium BC, then gradually started to expand southward. Choose year : Compact. [27] In a succession of negotiations, Leopold, professing humanitarian objectives in his capacity as chairman of the front organization Association Internationale Africaine, actually played one European rival against another. Violence against women seems to be perceived by large sectors of society to be normal. [118], The United Nations Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women in 2006 expressed concern that in the post-war transition period, the promotion of women's human rights and gender equality is not seen as a priority. All five sites are listed by UNESCO as World Heritage in Danger. During World War I (1914–1918), an initial stand-off between the Force Publique and the German colonial army in German East Africa (Tanganyika) turned into open warfare with a joint Anglo-Belgian-Portuguese invasion of German colonial territory in 1916 and 1917 during the East African Campaign. [151] In June 2006, Gertler bought Tremalt from the Zimbabwean businessman John Bredenkamp for about $60 million. Tensions between President Kabila and the Rwandan and Tutsi presence in the country led to the Second Congo War from 1998 to 2003. Overpopulation and continual conflicts in the DRC have led to food shortages, which have therefore increased the use of bush meat.
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